BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA

Bacteria and Viruses

      I.            Vocabulary

1.      ____________ an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus

2.      ____________  the hairlike part of bacteria

3.      ____________ cells that have a nucleus

4.      ____________  a form of asexual reproduction in single celled organisms

5.      ____________ a thick wall protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions

6.      ____________ the biological treatment of hazardous waste by living organisms

7.      ____________ medicine used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms

8.      ____________bacteria that cause disease

9.      ____________an organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter

10.  ____________a microscopic particle that gets inside a cell and often destroys it.

11.  ____________when scientists changes the genes of bacteria, or any other living thing

12.  ____________cycle in which the genes of a virus are incorporated into the genes of the host cell

13.  ____________cycle in which viruses enters to a cell reproduce itself and then breaks open the cell

14.  ____________lactic-acid producing bacteria

   II.            Answer the questions

1.      The structure that helps bacteria survive harsh conditions is called:

a)      Endospore

b)      Shell

c)      Exospores

d)      Exoskeleton

2.      Bacteria are used for all of the following except:

a)      Making certain food

b)      Making antibiotics

c)      Cleaning up oil spills

d)      Preserving fruit

3.      In the lytic cycle the host cell:

a)      Is destroyed

b)      Destroys the virus

c)      Become a virus

d)      Undergoes cell division

4.      A bacterial cell:

a)      Is an endospore

b)      Has a loop of DNA

c)      Has a distinct nucleus

d)      Is an eukaryote

5.      Bacteria:

a)      Include methane makers

b)      Include decomposers

c)      All have chlorophyll

d)      Are rod shaped

6.      Cyanobacteria:

a)      Are consumers

b)      Are parasites

c)      Contain chlorophyll

d)      Are decomposers

7.      Archaea:

a)      Are special types of bacteria

b)      Lives only in places without oxygen

c)      Are lactic acid producing bacteria

d)      Can live in hostile environments

8.      Viruses:

a)      Are about the same size as bacteria

b)      Have nuclei

c)      Can reproduce only within a host cell

d)      Do not infect plants

9.      Bacteria are important to the planet as:

a)      Decomposers of death organic matter

b)      Processors of nitrogen

c)      Makers of medicine

d)      All the above

III.            Draw

1.      Draw the binary fission

2.      Draw the lytic cycle

IV.            Complete the charts

1.      Complete the concept map with the words behind:

Bacteria         cynobacteria        bacilli        spirilla        consumers        cocci      producers

Prokaryote	Eukaryote
·           ·	·           ·
·           ·

Bacteria	Characteristic
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla

DNA	RNA
·           ·	·           ·
·           ·

Bacteria	Archaea
·           ·	·           ·
·           ·

   V.            Complete

Bacteria               ____________           ____________           ____________

Archaea               ____________           ____________           ____________

Virus                    ____________           ____________           ____________

What virus shape attacks only bacteria?

_______________

VI.            Answer the questions (Critical Thinking)

1.      Why are flagella important for?

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2.      What is the oldest cell? Why?

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3.      Where do most bacteria live? Why?

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4.      How is DNA of prokaryotes?

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5.      What happens with an endospore when conditions are better?

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6.      What are the three main types of archaea? Where do they live?

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7.      Why are bacteria important?

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8.      Which cycle takes more time, the lytic or the lysogenic cycle?

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9.      Describe how doctors can treat a viral infection

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10.  Describe 2 ways in which viruses don’t act like living things

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11.  Describe some of the problems you think bacteria might face if there were no humans

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12.  Many modern soaps contain chemicals that kill bacteria. Describe one good outcome and one bad outcome of the use of antibacterial soaps.

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13.  Some people have digestive problems after they take a course of antibiotics. Why do you think these problems happen?

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14.  Where can we find some archaea?

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15.  What happens in the lysogenic cycle?

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16.  How is bioremediation helpful?

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17.  Which are the 4 criteria to classify viruses?

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VII.            True or false

1.      _____ viruses are living things

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2.      _____only bacteria reproduces by binary fission

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3.      _____bacteria only produce antibiotics

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4.      _____bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes

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5.      _____viruses are eukaryotes

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